Prior to the construction of the project, South Jamaica was considered a slum and severely overcrowded. The site of the South Jamaica Houses was occupied by 150 wood-frame houses.[20][21] It was estimated that 3,000 families in the neighborhood needed improved housing conditions.[19][22] On August 16, 1939, New York City Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia announced plans to allocate $20 million towards five planned public housing projects, including the South Jamaica Houses, and the two-part Vladeck Houses in the Lower East Side of Manhattan.[23] The South Jamaica development itself would cost $2.5 million.[24] These were some of the first housing developments to be built and operated by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA).[20][25] The land was acquired at low cost, and the development was designed to feature low-rise buildings.[24][26] Though located in a predominantly African American neighborhood, the houses were the first NYCHA facility to be racially integrated with both White and Black familie
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